Reading exercises: The Megacities


Megacities are major global risk areas. Due to highest concentration of people and extreme dynamics, they are particularly prone to supply crises, social disorganization, political conflicts and natural disasters. Their vulnerability can be high.

megacity commission

A view of the city, Mexico City, Cdmx, Mexico
A view of the city                        Mexico City, Cdmx, Mexico

Risk:  the possibility that something unpleasant or dangerous might happen.

Most major changes involve some risk.

The risk of a major nuclear accident must be taken seriously.

The risk of developing lung cancer from smoking is a serious one.

There is no risk that the virus can be transferred from patient to doctor.

The risks to consumers from these products need to be fully analyzed.

You can reduce the risk of heart disease by exercising regularly.

All outdoor activities carry an element of risk.

We might get away with it, but is it really worth the risk?

 

Due to:    because of something.

The company’s financial losses were due to poor management.
He almost died due to lack of oxygen.

The negative image of immigrants is largely due to ignorance.

The workforce was reduced, partly due to budget pressures.

 

Prone:  likely to do something or be affected by something, especially something bad.

The coastal region is prone to earthquakes.

He’s prone to gain weight.

An injury-prone football player.

I have always thought that he was accident-prone.

 

Vulnerability:  the quality of being easily hurt, influenced, or attacked.

You want a doctor who understands the patient’s vulnerability.

Those who organized the attacks exploited vulnerabilities in the nation’s defences.

She has recently lost her mother, increasing her emotional vulnerability.

 

Megacity:  a very large city that has a population of more than 10 million people and that is often made of two or more urban areas that have grown so much that they are connected.

London is likely to become one of the world’s biggest megacities by 2020.

The term metacity has been used to describe metropolitan conurbations containing over 20 million people.

Whereas megacity refers to any city of enormous size, a global city is one of enormous power or influence.

As of 2017, there are 47 megacities in existence. Most of these urban agglomerations are in China and other countries of Asia. The largest are the metropolitan areas of Tokyo, Shanghai, and Jakarta, each having over 30 million inhabitants. China alone has 15 megacities, and India has six. Other countries with megacities include the United States, Brazil and Pakistan, each with two. 

Wikipedia

Starting at 2017, there are 10 megacities in presence. The biggest of these are the metropolitan ranges of Tokyo and Jakarta, each of these having a populace of more than 30 million tenants, with 38.8 million and 31.5 million separately. Tokyo is the world’s biggest metropolitan region, while Shanghai has the world’s biggest city legitimate populace.

neomsaudicity
The bridge River Thames, London, UK
The bridge
River Thames, London, UK

The modern megacity may have been largely an invention of the West, but it’s increasingly to be found largely in the East. The seven largest megacities (defined as areas of continuous urban development of over 10 million people) are located in Asia, based on a roundup of the latest population data released last month by Wendell Cox’s Demographia. The largest megacity remains the Tokyo-Yokohama area, home to 37 million, followed by the Indonesian capital of Jakarta, Seoul-Incheon, Delhi, Shanghai and Manila.

La Place de la Concorde Paris, France
La Place de la Concorde            Paris, France

With roughly 20 million inhabitants, the New York metro area, the world’s largest urban agglomeration from early in the 20th century till Tokyo surpassed it in the 1950s, ranks eighth. The only other western urban areas among the 28 biggest megacities now are Moscow (15th), Los Angeles (17th), and Paris (28th). London, which was the first modern city of a million people, is not on the list at all, with expansion long ago stopped by its green belt. In 1990, New York ranked second and Los Angeles ranked eighth.

 Forbes


The Caves of Steel: This is the title of a science fiction novel by the American author, Issac Asimov, who envisions an overpopulated Earth, three millennia in our future. The inhabitants of the Earth live in vast megacities that are entirely isolated from their surrounding environment and have lost the ability to leave the city’s protection and face the outdoor world. The cities are highly vulnerable and depend on their technology for the necessities of life like air, water, temperature, and food. Among other considerations, kitchen and toilet facilities are communal, and as a consequence of the overcrowded population, food is produced and distributed int heir assigned large communal kitchens where thousands are eating mass processed food at any one time of the day.


 

© All photos by edudelcorral

 

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